Game-theoretic Scalable Offloading for Video Streaming Services over LTE and WiFi Networks

This paper presents a game-theoretic scalable offloading system that provides seamless video streaming services by effectively offloading parts of video traffic in all video streaming services to a WiFi network to alleviate cellular network congestion. The system also consolidates multiple physical paths in a cost-effective manner. In the proposed system, the fountain encoding symbols of compressed video data are transmitted through long term evolution (LTE) and WiFi networks concurrently to flexibly control the amount of video traffic through the WiFi network as well as mitigate video quality degradation caused by wireless channel errors. Furthermore, the progressive second price auction mechanism is employed to allocate the limited LTE resources to multiple user equipment in order to maximize social welfare while converging to the epsilon-Nash equilibrium. Specifically, we design an application-centric resource valuation that explicitly considers both the realistic wireless network conditions and characteristics of video streaming services. In addition, the scalability and convergence properties of the proposed system are verified both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed system is implemented using network simulator 3. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed system.111Nsciescopu

Mobile data offloading system for video streaming services over SDN-enabled wireless networks

This work presents a mobile data offloading system for video streaming services over software-defined networking (SDN)-enabled wireless networks. The goal of the proposed system is to alleviate cellular network congestion by offloading parts of video traffic to a WiFi network while improving video quality of all users by efficiently and fairly sharing the limited long term evolution (LTE) resources. In the proposed system, SDN architecture is applied to the wireless network environment to quickly react to time-varying network conditions and finely control the amount of traffic transmitted through LTE and WiFi networks. Under the SDN-enabled wireless environment, we frame the mobile data offloading problem for video streaming services as an asymmetric Nash bargaining game to address conflict among competitive mobile users. Furthermore, we propose a resource allocation algorithm that pursues an effective trade-off between global system utility and quality-of-service fairness among users. The system is fully implemented using ONOS SDN controller and Raspberry PI-3-based mobile devices, and performance is evaluated over real wireless networks.1

QoS-supporting video streaming system with minimum data service cost over heterogeneous wireless networks

This paper presents a video streaming system that supports quality-of-service by effectively consolidating multiple physical paths in a cost-effective way over heterogeneous wireless networks. In the proposed system, the fountain encoding symbols of compressed video data are transmitted through multiple physical paths concurrently to overcome the limitation of single path transmission and harmonize multiple physical paths with diverse characteristics effectively, and the number of transmitted packets is determined by considering the requested quality-of-service of video streaming and the data service cost. The proposed system is fully implemented in Java and C/C++, and tested over real WLAN and LTE networks. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X1166sciescopu

Object Recognition and Tracking in Moving Videos for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships

In autonomous driving technologies, a camera is necessary for establishing a path and detecting an object. Object recognition based on images from several cameras is required to detect impediments in autonomous ships. Furthermore, in order to avoid ship collisions, it is important to follow the movements of recognized ships. In this paper, we use the Singapore Maritime Dataset (SMD) and crawling image for model training. Then, we present four YOLO-based object recognition models and evaluate their performance in the maritime environment. Then, we propose a tracking algorithm to track the identified objects. Specially, in evaluation with high-motion video, the proposed tracking algorithm outperforms deep simple online and real-time tracking (DeepSORT) in terms of object tracking accuracy

Mobile cloud-based interactive 3D video rendering and streaming over wireless networks

This paper presents an effective mobile cloud-based interactive 3D rendering and streaming system with data-service cost constraints over heterogeneous wireless networks. The proposed system contains software-defined networking ( SDN)enabled adaptive cloud resource management module and context-aware 3D rendering and streaming module to enhance the quality-of-service of interactive 3D rendering and streaming services. The first module is designed to efficiently control the limited cloud resources, such as server computing power and available backbone link bandwidth, and the second module is implemented to pursue an effective tradeoff between 3D rendering quality and compressed image quality. The system is implemented using Mininet network emulator with an OpenDaylight SDN controller, and VirtualGL with an online open-source 3D game, PlaneShift. Finally, the system is examined at a mobile device connected to real long-term evolution and WiFi networks.112sciescopu

Cross-Contamination versus Outbreak: Pre-XDR Mycobacterial Strains Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is promising for the quality control of laboratory facilities for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. We describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of false positive versus true positive MTB cultures based on WGS, which were experienced in a real clinical setting. Strain harvest and DNA extraction from seven isolates from pre-extensive drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB patients transferred to the Korea University Ansan Hospital were performed, and epidemiologic links and clinical information, including the phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST), were investigated. WGS was performed using Ion GeneStudio with an ION530tm chip (average sequencing depth, ~100-fold). In the phylogenetic tree, identical and different strains were distributed separately. Five of the seven isolates were identical; the remaining two isolates differed from the others. The images of the referred pre-XDR-TB patients with false positive MTB that were analyzed were of regions close to old TB scars. Further, the results of WGS gene mutation analysis for ethambutol, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance in all six patients were not concordant with the pDST results. WGS and clinical information were useful in differentiating laboratory cross-contamination from true positive TB, thereby avoiding the unnecessary treatment of false positive patients and delay in treating true positive TB patients, with reliable genotypic drug resistance results

Enhanced reliability of phase-change memory via modulation of local structure and chemical bonding by incorporating carbon in Ge2Sb2Te5

In this study, we investigated the effect of phase-change characteristics on the device performance of carbon-incorporated Ge2Sb2Te5 (CGST) to understand the origin of the enhanced reliability and stabilization of the device. Macroscopic and microscopic measurements confirmed that the structural stability significantly increased with the incorporation of as much as 10% carbon. After the completion of bond formation between C and Ge, the excess C (>5 atomic%) engages in bonding with Sb in localized regions because of the difference in formation energy. These bonds of C with Ge and Sb induce non-uniform local charge density of the short-range order. Finally, because the strong bonds between Ge and C shorten the short Ge-Te bonds, the high thermal stability of CGST relative to that of GST can be attributed to intensified Peierls distortion. The formation of strong bonds successfully underpins the local structures and reduces the stochastic effect. Moreover, extension of the C bonding to Sb enhances the structural reliability, resulting in highly stable CGST in the amorphous phase. Finally, the device stability of CGST in the reset state of the amorphous structure during the device switching process was significantly improved